Impact of the New India–USA Bilateral Trade Agreement on the Fisheries Sector

Abstract

The India–USA Interim Trade Agreement represents a significant development in strengthening economic cooperation between India and the United States, with notable implications for the fisheries and seafood export sector. The agreement was introduced to stabilize bilateral trade relations following tariff escalations imposed in 2025 that adversely affected export-oriented industries, particularly marine products. Under the interim pact, U.S. import tariffs on Indian seafood were reduced to approximately 18%, improving market access and restoring export competitiveness. The agreement is expected to enhance seafood export earnings, promote aquaculture expansion, encourage technology transfer, strengthen food safety compliance, and generate employment across fisheries value chains. Improved cooperation in supply-chain development, cold-chain infrastructure, and sustainable fisheries management further supports India’s blue economy objectives. However, challenges such as market dependence on the U.S., stringent regulatory compliance requirements, and geopolitical trade uncertainties remain significant concerns. Overall, the interim trade pact provides opportunities for export growth and sectoral modernization while emphasizing the need for diversification, sustainability, and institutional support to ensure long-term resilience of India’s fisheries sector.