Antioxidant effects of homoeopathic remedies with mechanistic relevance to dyslipidaemia: A systematic review of experimental studies

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of dyslipidemia through lipid peroxidation, endothelial dysfunction and reduction in antioxidant defence mechanisms. Experimental studies have explored the usefulness of high dilution intervention in regulating the antioxidant enzymes and redox balance. However, the available data remains heterogeneous and fragmented. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to map and synthesise the experimental evidence on antioxidant-modulating effects of Homoeopathic remedies related to dyslipidemia. Methods: A systematic literature search of preclinical literature was conducted in databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science to identify in vitro and in vivo experimental studies evaluating oxidative pathway outcomes following homoeopathic interventions. Studies reporting markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, endogenous antioxidant enzymes, or inflammatory mediators were included. Study selection followed a PRISMA approach, and findings were summarised qualitatively following principles consistent with the Sum-HomIS recommendations. Results: Seven preclinical studies evaluating eight homoeopathic remedies were included. Allium sativum showed direct relevance to dyslipidemia by alternating oxidized LDL-induced oxidative injury and improving lipid and inflammatory parameters, while other remedies demonstrated indirect antioxidant effects through reduction of lipid peroxidation, enhancement of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, or cellular ROS modulation. Conclusion: Available data highlights emerging experimental evidence suggesting that it may function as an oxidative or antioxidant defence mechanism, related to dyslipidemia. However, heterogeneity of previous studies and limited dyslipidemia-focused data lead to the need for more standardized and targeted research. Future studies prioritise mechanism clarity and consistent antioxidants, reflecting the lipid metabolic disorders.