Anesthetic evaluation of Zoletil in combination with dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for intramedullary pinning of long bone fractures in Jamunapari goats (Capra hircus)

Abstract

Background: Repair of long bone fractures in goats requires anesthesia that ensures sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation while maintaining physiological stability. Achieving this balance is critical for successful orthopedic interventions such as intramedullary pinning. Zoletil, a commonly used anesthetic, may be enhanced when combined with adjunct agents like dexmedetomidine or fentanyl to improve anesthetic depth and perioperative outcomes. Methods: This clinical study evaluated anesthetic efficacy in 24 Jamunapari goats diagnosed with long bone fractures. Animals were randomly assigned into three groups (n=8 each). Group I received atropine and zoletil; Group II received atropine, zoletil, and dexmedetomidine; Group III received atropine, zoletil, and fentanyl. Fracture stabilization was performed using simple intramedullary pinning or cross pin fixation for supracondylar fractures. Parameters assessed included onset and duration of sedation and anesthesia, surgery duration, maintenance dose requirements, recovery time, analgesia and muscle relaxation scores, physiological variables, and perioperative complications. Results: The addition of dexmedetomidine or fentanyl significantly improved anesthetic depth, analgesia, and surgical stability compared to zoletil alone. Group II demonstrated superior muscle relaxation, balanced physiological responses, and smoother recovery. Group III provided prolonged analgesia but was associated with mild respiratory depression. Zoletil alone (Group I) resulted in less stable anesthesia and lower analgesia scores. Conclusions: Zoletil combined with dexmedetomidine offers safer and more effective anesthesia for orthopedic procedures in goats, ensuring optimal sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation with minimal complications. This combination is recommended for clinical use in long bone fracture repair.