Integrated fish farming systems as sustainable livelihood options for rural women in Andhra Pradesh

Abstract

Integrated Fish Farming Systems (IFFS), which combine aquaculture with agriculture, horticulture, and livestock components, are increasingly recognized as sustainable livelihood strategies for smallholder households in developing countries. In India, and particularly in Andhra Pradesh, rural women play a critical role in agriculture and allied sectors but often face economic marginalization, limited access to resources, and restricted decision-making power. This review-based research article examines the potential of integrated fish farming systems as viable and sustainable livelihood options for rural women in Andhra Pradesh. Drawing upon 20 years of empirical studies, government reports, and recent policy frameworks up to November 2025, the paper synthesizes evidence on technical models of IFFS, economic viability, environmental sustainability, and gender empowerment outcomes. The study highlights how integrated systems such as fish-paddy, fish-vegetable, and fish-livestock farming enhance income diversification, nutritional security, and resilience against climatic and market risks. The discussion emphasizes the role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs), government schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), and women-centered extension services in scaling up IFFS adoption. Despite demonstrated benefits, challenges such as access to credit, land and water rights, market linkages, and technical capacity persist. The article concludes that integrated fish farming systems, when supported by gender-sensitive policies and institutional frameworks, offer a robust pathway for sustainable rural livelihoods and women’s empowerment in Andhra Pradesh.