Artificial intelligence in animal and human health: Opportunities and challenges

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and deep learning, is transforming both animal and human health by improving diagnosis, disease monitoring, and clinical decision-making. In veterinary medicine, AI supports real-time monitoring, disease prediction, early detection, and better animal welfare, while also advancing research, drug development, imaging, and parasite control. In human healthcare, AI aids medical imaging, drug discovery, robotic surgery, endoscopy, and personalized treatment, improving accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes. By analysing large and complex datasets, AI helps understand disease mechanisms and supports evidence-based decisions in public health. Despite its promise, challenges such as data privacy, bias, high costs, technical expertise, and unequal access need to be addressed. Overall, AI complements professional expertise and enhances healthcare delivery, driving innovation in both animal and human health.