Diatomaceous earth as a source of silicon in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in India, with increasing demand for sustainable production practices. Silicon has been recognized as a beneficial element that enhances plant growth, stress tolerance, and yield, yet it is often not in available form in soils. Diatomaceous earth (DE), a natural source of amorphous silica, was evaluated as a source of silicon amendment in tomato cultivation. Field experiments were conducted at RHREC, Hiriyur, Karnataka, using the variety Arka Ananya in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments. Treatments consisted of the recommended package of practices (POP), 50% POP, and their combinations with DE at 250, 500, and 750 kg/ha, along with a DE-alone treatment. Growth attributes, yield, silica uptake, and economics were assessed. Results revealed that the application of POP + DE (750 kg/ha) significantly improved leaf number, branching, and yield (65.73 t/ha), while in the second treatment POP + DE (500 kg/ha) recorded the highest yield (63.29 t/ha). Half POP + DE treatments also enhanced yield compared to 50% POP alone, indicating a potential reduction in fertilizer use without compromising productivity. Economic analysis showed maximum net returns in POP + DE (750 kg/ha and 500 kg/ha in). These findings suggest that DE is an effective silicon source, improving tomato performance and offering a sustainable approach to fertilizer management.