Studies on prevalence epidemiological risk factors and clinical evaluation of canine pyometra in and around Durg district of Chhattisgarh

Abstract

Canine pyometra is a hormonally mediated, potentially life-threatening uterine disorder of intact bitches, commonly associated with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The present study was conducted over an eight-month period (March-October) at the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex to determine the prevalence of pyometra and evaluate associated epidemiological risk factors and clinical manifestations in bitches presented from in and around Durg district of Chhattisgarh. Out of 950 gynecological cases, 84 bitches were diagnosed with pyometra, yielding an overall prevalence of 8.84%. Epidemiological parameters including age, breed, parity, pseudopregnancy history and feeding habits were recorded along with clinical signs. The highest age-wise prevalence was observed in bitches aged 6-9 years (69.04%), with Labrador Retrievers showing the greatest breed-wise prevalence (38.09%). Nulliparous bitches were most commonly affected (51.19%). History of pseudopregnancy was recorded in only 8.34% of cases, while higher occurrence was noted in bitches maintained on a non-vegetarian diet (51.19%). Predominant clinical signs included anorexia and lethargy (83.33%), vaginal discharge (79.77%), vomiting (69.05%), polyuria-polydipsia (65.47%) and abdominal distension (64.29%), with 44.04% of cases being SIRS positive. The study confirms pyometra as a significant reproductive disorder in the region, predominantly affecting middle-aged to older and nulliparous bitches. The findings provide baseline regional epidemiological data and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt therapeutic intervention for effective clinical management of canine pyometra.