Hemp fiber: Collection and extraction

Abstract

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an important natural fibre crop with significant potential for sustainable textile and industrial applications.The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different water retting durations on hemp fiber extraction and quality. Hemp stalks were collected from Bisalpur, District Pilibhit and from Kanpur, where the plant grows abundantly. Water retting was carried out for 7, 14, and 21 days, followed by sun drying, to determine the optimum retting period for fiber separation and quality. The results revealed that retting duration significantly influenced fibre characteristics. Water retting for 14 days followed by sun drying for 4 days proved to be the most effective treatment, producing fibers with good separation, uniform colour, smooth texture, and satisfactory strength. Shorter retting duration (7 days) resulted in incomplete fiber separation, whereas prolonged retting (21 days) led to over-retting and fiber weakening. Hemp stalks from both collection sites were found to be suitable for fiber extraction, highlighting the potential utilization of naturally growing hemp for sustainable fiber production. The study confirms that water retting is a simple, low-cost, and eco-friendly method for hemp fibre extraction, suitable for adoption at the rural level. Further research is recommended to optimize retting conditions and assess the mechanical properties of fiber for diversified textile and industrial uses.