Insects and soil health: The overlooked role of ground-dwelling arthropods in agroecosystems

Abstract

Agricultural sustainability depends on healthy soil, yet ground-dwelling arthropods' influence on soil processes has frequently been overlooked. These species, which include termites, beetles, ants, springtails, and other invertebrates, carry out vital ecological tasks such soil aeration, nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and natural pest control. Arthropods impact mycorrhizal and bacterial connections, boost microbial activity, and improve soil fertility, resilience, and biodiversity through their interactions with the soil microbiota. They are also sensitive bioindicators of soil quality due to their diversity and abundance. Arthropod populations are threatened by contemporary agricultural methods such excessive tillage, pesticide use, and a strong reliance on chemical inputs, while climate change further alters the ecological roles and community makeup of these organisms. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that biodiversity-friendly techniques including agroforestry, mulching, cover crops, organic farming, conservation agriculture, and organic farming promote arthropod diversity and improve soil ecosystem services. The diversity, roles, and ecological relevance of soil-dwelling arthropods, as well as their reactions to climate change and agricultural intensification, are summarized in this review along with their contributions to the sustainability of agroecosystems. Along with highlighting research gaps that need to be filled, it also discusses conservation and management initiatives that incorporate arthropods into frameworks for soil health. In addition to being essential for preserving soil quality, ground-dwelling arthropods have the potential to promote climate-resilient, sustainable agriculture.