Health-seeking behavior and delay in diagnosis among pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A community-based descriptive study

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries, where delayed diagnosis remains a significant challenge to disease control. Delay in seeking appropriate medical care not only worsens patient outcomes but also increases community transmission. Understanding health-seeking behavior and factors contributing to diagnostic delay is crucial for effective tuberculosis control strategies. This study aimed to assess health-seeking behavior and delay in diagnosis among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a community setting. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule assessing socio-demographic variables, health-seeking behavior, and duration of diagnostic delay. The findings revealed that a majority of patients initially consulted informal or private healthcare providers, resulting in considerable patient-related and health system–related delays. A significant association was observed between diagnostic delay and educational status, socio-economic factors, and awareness of TB symptoms. The study emphasizes the need for strengthening community awareness, early symptom recognition, and nurse-led interventions to reduce delays and improve tuberculosis control outcomes.