Comparative effect of asana and pranayama practices on cardiovascular efficiency and resting physiological parameters among beginner hockey players

Abstract

The present study examined the comparative effect of asana and pranayama practices on cardiovascular efficiency and selected resting physiological parameters among beginner hockey players. Eighty (N = 80) male players aged 12-18 years were randomly assigned into two equal groups: Asana Group (n = 40) and Pranayama Group (n = 40). The intervention lasted eight weeks. Group I practiced selected asanas (Surya Namaskar, Vrikshasana, Tadasana, Matsyasana, Dhanurasana, Bhujangasana), whereas Group II performed selected pranayama techniques (Nadi Shodhana, Bhramari, Anulom Vilom, Kapalbhati, Sheetali, Sheetkari). Cardiovascular efficiency was assessed using the Harvard Step Test. Resting pulse rate and blood pressure were measured under standardized conditions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way repeated measures ANOVA at a 0.05 level of significance. Results indicated significant improvements in cardiovascular efficiency and resting physiological parameters in both groups, with comparatively greater improvement in the pranayama group. The findings suggest that structured yogic interventions can be effectively integrated into sports training programs to enhance cardiovascular function in adolescent athletes.