A systematic review exploring the role of homoeopathic interventions in cervical cancer cell line

Abstract

Cervical cancer continues to be a predominant cause of cancer-related death among women globally, especially in low- and middle-income nations. Although traditional therapies including as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are prevalent, there is increasing interest in adjunctive methods like homeopathy. This systematic study seeks to objectively evaluate the impact of homeopathic remedies on cervical cancer cell lines, drawing on existing in vitro and preclinical research. A comprehensive literature search was performed in electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords used were “homoeopathy,” “cervical cancer,” “cancer cell lines,” “Thuja occidentalis”, “Echinacea angustifolia”, and “homeopathic cytotoxicity.” Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only original research articles, in-vitro experiments, and preclinical studies published in English were included. Data were extracted, and outcomes such as cell viability, apoptosis induction, and cytotoxic effects were recorded. A total of 15 relevant studies were included for qualitative synthesis, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Among the 15 studies analyzed, several demonstrated that homoeopathic dilutions, especially of Thuja occidentalis, Echinacea angustifolia, and Rubus idaeus, exhibit significant cytotoxicity against cervical cancer cell lines such as HeLa and SiHa. Mechanisms included apoptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial disruption, and modulation of signaling pathways. Some studies also reported the synergistic effect of homeopathy with adjunct therapies such as laser irradiation. However, heterogeneity in methodologies, potencies used, and endpoints measured limited quantitative comparisons. The review suggests that homoeopathic medicines may have a role in inhibiting cervical cancer cell growth under laboratory conditions. Despite promising preliminary findings, current evidence is insufficient to establish clinical efficacy. Well-designed randomized controlled trials and mechanistic studies are necessary to validate these results and integrate homoeopathy into evidence-based oncology care.