Study on prevalence and clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs in Mhow and Indore

Abstract

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common acquired cardiac diseases in dogs and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and clinical features of DCM in dogs presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, MHOW and Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Out of a total of 1829 dogs presented during the study period, 147 dogs showing clinical signs suggestive of cardiac disease were further evaluated using electrocardiography, thoracic radiography and echocardiography for confirmatory diagnosis of DCM. The overall prevalence of DCM was found to be 0.82%. Age-wise prevalence was highest in dogs above eight years of age (1.27%), followed by dogs aged 5-8 years (0.95%), while no cases were recorded in dogs below four years. Sex-wise analysis revealed a higher prevalence in males (0.98%) compared to females (0.62%). Breed-wise distribution indicated Labrador Retriever as the most affected breed, followed by German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, Indian Spitz, Beagle and Doberman Pinscher. The most common clinical manifestations observed were lethargy (93.33%), exercise intolerance (86.66%), inappetence (66.66%) and laboured breathing (60%). Other signs included weight loss, tachypnoea, coughing, ascites and limb oedema. Rectal temperature remained within normal limits throughout the study period. A significant reduction in heart rate and pulse rate was observed between the 0th and 14th day, while respiration rate showed a significant decrease by the 14th day, likely due to reduced pulmonary congestion. The findings of the present study indicate that DCM is more prevalent in older, male and large-breed dogs, with non-specific but progressive clinical signs. Early recognition using appropriate diagnostic tools is essential for timely management and improved clinical outcomes.