Wildlife species diversity, conservation status, source of provenance and functional typology of zoological garden in Southern Benin

Abstract

Zoological gardens are increasingly recognized as important tools for ex situ conservation, environmental education and public awareness, particularly in regions where natural habitats are under intense anthropogenic pressure. However, empirical data on the diversity, conservation value and functional roles of zoological gardens remain scarce in West Africa. The present study conducted in southern Benin aimed to identify wildlife species diversity and conservation status, determine source of provenance of zoological garden species and determine functional typology of zoological garden. Data were collected in four zoos such as: the mini zoo of CREDI-ONG of Abomey-Calavi, the royal palace DAKO DONOU of Bohicon, the CTA Bimyns of Porto-Novo and the mini zoo of CPA of Cotonou. Data analysis consisted to descriptive statistics and the calculation of diversity some index. The result showed that 48 wildlife species were identified in zoological gardens of which 18 mammals, 14 reptiles, 10 birds and 6 fishes. Shannon diversity index calculated reveal a high diversity of zoological gardens species ranging from 4.35 to 1.48 bits. This index is important to level of the mini zoo of CREDI-ONG of Abomey-Calavi and the mini zoo of CPA Cotonou (H > 3,5). The Pielou equitability index varies from 0.31 to 0.69. Majority of these species come mainly from Nigeria (22.22%) and Zinvié (17.78%). Zoos have been established by some owners out of passion (23.81%), for tourism (50.48%), for conservation (20%) and traditional medicine (5.71%). Zoological gardens were primarily established for tourism, conservation and personal interest. Despite limitations related to management capacity and species dominance, zoological gardens in southern Benin contribute to wildlife conservation and awareness raising. Strengthening governance frameworks, animal welfare standards and integration with national conservation strategies could enhance their effectiveness as conservation tools.