Occurrence of clinical and subclinical mastitis in buffaloes and associated bacterial pathogens

Abstract

Mastitis is one of the most prevalent and economically important diseases affecting dairy buffaloes in India, with subclinical mastitis posing a greater threat due to its silent nature and prolonged impact on milk production. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of mastitis in buffaloes under field conditions and to assess its distribution in relation to clinical and subclinical forms. Buffaloes from selected dairy farms were screened using clinical examination of the udder and milk, along with standard diagnostic test including CMT for the detection of subclinical mastitis. The overall prevalence of mastitis was found to be high i.e. around 42.66%, with subclinical mastitis occurring more frequently accounting to 31% than the clinical form that only accounts to 11.66%. Poor milking hygiene, unfavourable environmental conditions, and lack of routine screening were identified as major predisposing factors. The high prevalence of subclinical mastitis highlights its significant role in reducing milk yield and quality, leading to substantial economic losses for dairy farmers. Early diagnosis and implementation of effective preventive strategies are essential to control mastitis and improve udder health in buffaloes. The findings emphasize the need for regular monitoring programs and farmer awareness to minimize the impact of mastitis on the dairy sector.