Serum biomarker profiling for early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus in pre-diabetic individuals: A hospital-based research

Abstract

What determines whether someone with elevated blood sugar will progress to full-blown diabetes? This hospital-based research investigated serum biomarker profiles that could identify pre-diabetic individuals at heightened risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We recruited 304 participants, comprising 156 pre-diabetic individuals and 148 healthy controls, from the endocrinology outpatient department of Lyon Regional Medical Center between March 2022 and November 2023. Comprehensive biochemical analysis included glycemic parameters (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin), inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-6), and complete lipid profiles. The pre-diabetic group exhibited markedly elevated HbA1c (5.93±0.31% vs. 5.12±0.27%, p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (112.4±7.8 vs. 89.3±6.4 mg/dL, p