Morpho-biochemical and molecular diversity study of different betel vine (Piper betle L.) gene pool lines and cultivars

Abstract

Betelvine (Piper betle L.) is heart-shaped deep green leaves perennial plant an important cash aromatic creeper in Asia, known as "green gold" for its economic & cultural value. The specific ISSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationships of 9 cultivars of betelvine. Five ISSR primers selected for their reproducibility, reliability and high polymorphism they amplified 33 bands with 31 (91.38 %) polymorphic ones. Average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.392 over all primers used. The genetic diversity and relatedness among 9 betelvine cultivars was computed using Jaccard,s similarity coefficient. The primer UBC 841 and UBC 810 at 500 bp and 300 bp, respectively acts as exclusive diagnostics markers for Jalgaon Red gene pool line for its DNA finger printing. The dendrogram grouped betelvine cultivars in two main clusters. Where Ghangati and Ramtek bangla placed in one clade with 0.70 similarity coefficient and Maghai at 0.67 the cluster complete with Kapoori and Jalgaon Red with less similarity coefficient 0.41. Another cluster with JBL 3,7 and 22 with 0.50 and 0.47 similarity coefficient between JBL 7 and 22 respectively in one single clade. PCA (principal component analysis) results were comparable to cluster analysis. Here ISSR -PCR markers can be useful for genetic diversity studies, to provide practical information for parental selection and to assist breeding programs. Phenotypically gene pool line Jalgaon red orthotropic leaf possess red colour in its midrib, primary and secondary veins with petiole at dorsal side is may due to higher contents of total phenols (709 mg.) and flavonoids (562 mg.) rudimentary anthocyanin as compare with Kapoori (672 mg. and 455 (mg.) gallic acid equivalent (GAE mg/g) and Quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry extract), TPC and TFC respectively.These compounds important for defense mechanisms in betelvine by providing potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti- fungal protecting the plant from oxidative stress, pathogens, and UV damage with all unnatural stress. They contribute to its rich medicinal value for humans well therapeutics use. The article provides information about the gene pool line Jalgaon Red with its best polymorphic, reproducible IISR primers, high biochemical contents (TPC and TFC) with potential demarcation and comparison different variety as they important for sustainable plant breeding programme with the registration at NBPGR.