Effect of millet-based Biofloc with Jeevamruth on water quality, growth, and crop productivity in an integrated fish-horticultural model

Abstract

This study evaluated the synergistic integration of Biofloc Technology (BFT) and natural farming input (Jeevamruth) under an integrated fish cum horticulture model using Labeo rohita and cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was used as a sustainable carbon source to maintain a 20:1 C:N ratio in biofloc systems. Treatments were tested under a completely randomized design: conventional culture (Control), BFT with millet (T1), and a combined treatment (T2: BFT + Jeevamruth 0.5%). Water quality parameters, fish growth indices, plant biomass were analyzed over 60 days. The combined treatment (T2) recorded the highest improvements in dissolved oxygen (6.4±0.3 mg/L), lowest ammonia (0.18±0.02 mg/L), and superior fish growth performance (SGR 1.38%, FCR 0.92). Cluster bean biomass increased by 31% over control, while system profitability improved by 28%. The results indicate a synergistic enhancement in nutrient cycling, microbial activity, and productivity, demonstrating the potential of millet-based biofloc and Jeevamruth integration as a sustainable circular aquaculture model.