Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association with Menstrual Irregularities, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Infertility in Reproductive Age Women- A cross sectional study from Marathwada region of Maharashtra

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly prevalent among women of reproductive age and has been implicated in various reproductive disorders. Evidence suggests a potential association between low vitamin D levels, menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and infertility. Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among reproductive age women and to evaluate its association with menstrual irregularities, PCOS, and infertility. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among 75 reproductive age women aged 18 to 45 years attending the Gynaecology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were estimated using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum levels less than 20 ng/mL. Menstrual pattern, PCOS status based on Rotterdam criteria, and infertility history were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to assess associations. Results: Out of 75 women, vitamin D deficiency was observed in 52 cases (69.3 percent). Menstrual irregularities were present in 34 women, of whom 28 (82.4 percent) were vitamin D deficient. PCOS was diagnosed in 26 women, with vitamin D deficiency observed in 22 cases (84.6 percent). Among 21 infertile women, 18 (85.7 percent) had vitamin D deficiency. Statistically significant associations were found between vitamin D deficiency and menstrual irregularities, PCOS, and infertility (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among reproductive age women and shows a significant association with menstrual irregularities, PCOS, and infertility. Routine screening and correction of vitamin D deficiency may be beneficial in women presenting with reproductive health disorders.