The carbon footprint challenge: A holistic review of causes, impacts and global solutions

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive review of the concept, causes, effects, and solutions to the carbon footprint, with a focus on its significance in the global climate change narrative. Originating from the concept of the ecological footprint, the carbon footprint quantifies the total greenhouse gas emissions, primarily CO2, attributed to human activities. The study highlights that major contributors to global emissions include energy production, agriculture, industry, and transportation, with the United States, China, the European Union, and India being the top emitters. The escalating carbon emissions have led to severe environmental impacts, including global warming, habitat destruction, and depletion of natural resources. To mitigate these effects, the study discusses various strategies, such as carbon sequestration through agroforestry and sustainable land use practices. The methodology involved a systematic review of 123 scholarly articles following PRISMA guidelines, providing insights into current research trends and future directions in carbon footprint studies. This paper aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners by synthesizing dispersed information and offering a cohesive understanding of the carbon footprint and its global implications.