Ultrasonography use in prediction of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy outcomes

Abstract

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a dependable and efficacious technique for renal calculi treatment. ESWL generally eliminates necessity for general anesthesia and is linked to a low rate of problems. The success rate is contingent upon multiple factors, including the treatment protocol and the proficiency of the operator. In order to attain the highest level of accuracy in directing the shock waves, it is crucial to carefully envision the stone. This is accomplished via ultrasound (ultrasonography) or fluoroscopy (x-ray). The non-invasive nature of ESWL has rapidly generated its appeal as a viable alternative to invasive procedures. Nevertheless, ESWL resulting in transient haemorrhages, the secretion of cytokines, and other inflammatory cellular mediators. In order to improve the efficiency of ESWL, it is possible to focus shock waves energy more accurately on the specific stone being targeted throughout the procedure by employing ultrasonography and fluoroscopy as alternative techniques. The stone-free rate differs among the groups, with 42% in fluoroscopy-guided group and 52% in ultrasound-assisted group. The aim of the review article was to address shear wave elastography role in success of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy prediction for renal stones.