Prevalence, clinical profile and integrated laboratory and biomarker analysis of cardiac disorders in dogs

Abstract

This study evaluated the prevalence, clinical features, and hematobiochemical alterations of cardiac disorders in dogs under Indian clinical conditions. Out of 3,043 dogs presented to a university teaching hospital, 42 were confirmed with cardiac diseases with a prevalence of 1.38%. Cardiac disorders were the most common in geriatric and middle-aged males. Large breeds, including Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Great Danes, had dilated cardiomyopathy, whereas Spitz dogs were diagnosed with myxomatous valvular disease. Lifestyle factors such as overweight, commercial feeding, and indoor air-conditioned housing were observed as predisposing factors. Haematological findings revealed anaemia, neutrophilic leucocytosis, lymphopenia, and elevated ESR, while serum biochemistry indicated secondary hepatic and renal involvement. Cardiac troponin I was proved as a sensitive biomarker of myocardial injury, supporting early diagnosis and prognostication. Integrated clinical, laboratory, and biomarker evaluation is essential for timely intervention, improved prognosis, and enhanced quality of life in affected dogs.