Challenges and strategic recommendations for farmers in conserving pollinators and ensuring effective pollination: A study in Karnataka, India

Abstract

Pollinators are integral to global food security and biodiversity, with over 75% of crop species depending on animal-mediated pollination. However, pollinator populations are declining rapidly due to factors such as pesticide overuse, habitat loss, monocropping, and climate change. This study, conducted in Kolar and Chikkaballapur districts of Karnataka, India, aimed to assess the problems perceived by farmers in conserving pollinators and to document their suggestions for safeguarding pollination services. A total of 120 farmers 60 smallholders and 60 big farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured interview schedules and analyzed by ranking scores for both problem severity and recommendation importance. Findings revealed that excessive use of chemical pesticides, increased pest and disease incidence, deforestation, and lack of training were the most pressing issues. Farmers emphasized the importance of training programs, financial incentives, and promoting organic farming practices. The inability to differentiate pollinators from pests and fear of handling insects were also significant barriers to effective conservation. These insights suggest that integrating farmer perspectives into policy and research agendas is essential for designing sustainable, ground-level conservation strategies.