Assessment of derived irrigation water quality parameters in the Nira command area of Baramati Tehsil

Abstract

The quality of irrigation water in the Nira command area of Baramati tehsil, Maharashtra was assessed during April-May 2025 using 105 samples (53 open wells, 52 borewells) from 15 villages. Samples were analyzed for derived parameters including Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Mg²⁺:Ca²⁺ ratio, Cl⁻:SO₄²⁻ ratio and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). SAR values ranged from 1.43- 6.43 in open wells and 2.01-6.08 in borewells, indicating low sodium hazard. RSC was below 1.25 meq L⁻¹ in all samples, showing safe levels for irrigation. MAR values averaged 49.71% in open wells and 50.63% in borewells, reflecting mostly acceptable magnesium levels. Mg²⁺:Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻:SO₄²⁻ ratios were within safe limits, while TDS ranged from 294-998 mg L⁻¹ (open wells) and 358-1683 mg L⁻¹ (borewells) suggesting moderate salinity risk particularly in borewells. Overall, irrigation water in the Nira command area is suitable for most crops though borewell water may require careful management to prevent long-term soil degradation.