Standardization of optimal seed rate for maximizing seed yield, quality and economic efficiency in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2022-23 to determine the optimal seed rate for medium-seeded chickpea variety Jaki 9218. Various seed rates ranging from 80 to 100 kg/ha were evaluated for their effects on crop establishment, growth parameters, yield attributes, and economic viability. Results indicated that while higher seed rates (100 kg/ha) promoted greater plant stand establishment, earlier flowering, and increased plant height, they adversely affected individual plant productivity. The lower seed rate of 80 kg/ha demonstrated superior performance, yielding 25.68 q/ha compared to 22.26 q/ha at 100 kg/ha, representing a 15.3% increase in seed yield. Similarly, graded seed yield was significantly higher at 80 kg/ha (23.95 q/ha) than at 100 kg/ha (20.19 q/ha). Economic analysis revealed that the 80 kg/ha seed rate generated the highest net monetary returns (Rs. 2,20,418/ha) with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.94, substantially outperforming the 100 kg/ha treatment (Rs. 1,75,958/ha; B:C ratio 2.55). These findings conclusively demonstrate that a reduced seed rate of 80 kg/ha optimizes both agronomic performance and economic returns in chickpea seed production. Based on these results, 80 kg/ha is recommended as the optimal seed rate for medium-seeded chickpea variety Jaki 9218 under similar agro-climatic conditions.