Socio-economic and market dynamics of Ajara ghansal rice cultivation in Ajara taluka, Kolhapur district, Maharashtra

Abstract

Ajara Ghansal is an indigenous aromatic rice landrace cultivated predominantly in Ajara Taluka of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra. Although the variety holds Geographical Indication (GI) status and is valued for its distinctive aroma, culinary quality, and cultural heritage, the area under its cultivation has declined significantly in recent years. This study draws on an extensive field survey conducted across all 90 villages of Ajara Taluka, involving systematic interactions with Agriculture Department officials, FPO representatives, village heads, Panchayat members, and active Ghansal cultivators. Data were collected through individual farmer interviews, group discussions, and village-level consultations to document traditional cultivation practices, socio-economic conditions, market constraints, and factors influencing varietal persistence.The findings show that Ajara Ghansal is currently grown in only 35 villages, with 11 villages accounting for the majority of production. Major constraints include price fluctuations, unpredictable demand, adulteration with Kumut rice and artificial aroma additives, labour and production risks, and inadequate marketing and post-harvest infrastructure. Limited farmer awareness of the nutritional and medicinal attributes of Ghansal, along with the absence of value-added product development, further restricts its commercial potential. Despite the increasing dominance of hybrid rice varieties, Ghansal cultivation continues largely due to strong cultural ties, traditional knowledge systems, and the emotional commitment of long-standing cultivators. The study underscores the need for comprehensive interventions—such as stringent GI enforcement, farmer-led marketing platforms, improved institutional support, and value-added commercialization—to safeguard varietal authenticity, enhance farmer income security, and ensure the long-term sustainability of this culturally significant landrace.