Evaluation of sesame genotypes for resistance to leafhopper (Hishimonus phycitis and Orosius albicinctus) infestation

Abstract

Leafhoppers, particularly Hishimonus phycitis and Orosius albicinctus, are important vectors of sesame phyllody, a phytoplasma‑induced disease that severely reduces productivity by transforming floral structures into vegetative forms. Although several leafhopper species are reported on sesame, only a few act as efficient vectors of phyllody. The use of resistant genotypes is considered the most economical and sustainable strategy for phyllody management. In this study, 60 advanced sesame breeding lines, along with a resistant check (GT‑10) and a susceptible check (RJR‑170), were screened under open field conditions during two seasons (2023 and 2024). Leafhopper incidence was recorded at weekly intervals, and genotypes were categorized based on a 0-5 rating scale. Considerable variation in leafhopper population was observed. Two genotypes (SES‑K‑20‑1052 and SES‑K‑20‑1064) exhibited consistent high resistance across both seasons, while one genotype remained highly susceptible. These resistant entries may serve as valuable sources for future breeding and integrated pest management programs.