Cognitive barriers to food safety: A cross-sectional assessment of knowledge and attitudes among meat handlers in Jammu & Kashmir

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the baseline knowledge and attitudinal tendencies of meat handlers in Jammu and Kashmir regarding food safety, and to determine the sociodemographic factors influencing these cognitive domains. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 200 meat handlers across five districts (Jammu, Udhampur, Rajouri, Kathua, and Samba). A structured questionnaire was utilized to assess sociodemographic profiles, sources of learning, and specific knowledge and attitudes toward meat hygiene. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test to identify significant associations. Results: The study revealed a moderate overall knowledge score (62.6%), with significant gaps in understanding microbial risks; only 12.5% of handlers were aware that microbial contamination could cause serious illness. While general attitudes were positive (75-85% agreement on equipment cleanliness), "hidden" hygiene aspects like personal protective gear and jewelry usage showed poor attitudinal scores (37.5-49.5%). Educational background and media exposure significantly influenced these scores (p