Sustainable bio-management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in small cardamom plantations: A field study

Abstract

Field trials were carried out in small‑cardamom farms at Santhanpara, Senapathy and Vandanmedu in Idukki district during June of three successive seasons (2021‑2023) on soil that was naturally infested with root‑knot nematodes. Nine treatments, including an untreated control, were evaluated viz., T1-Fluazaindolizine 41.15% SC @ 60ml in 200 L of water, T2-Cartap hydrochloride 4% G @ 1 kg a.i./ha, T3-Chlorantraniliprol 0.4% G @ 10 kg/ha, T4-Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 15 g/plant, T5-Pseudomonas fluorescens 1x108 cfu @ 50 g/plant, T6-Pochonia chlamydosporia @ 30 g/plant, T7-Purpureocillium lilacinum (1x107cfu) @ 30 g/plant, T8-Neem cake @ 1 kg/Plant and untreated control. Uniform Njallani cardamom plants, a cultivar widely grown by local farmers, were used. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three replications per treatment, and agronomic practices adhered to the recommendations of Kerala Agricultural University. At harvest, data were collected on panicle number per plant, capsule number per panicle, fresh and dry capsule weight, and gall count per 5 g of root. Initial nematode density in 225 cc of soil was determined just before treatment application.