Socioeconomic profile of WSHG (Women Self Help Group) members under Mission Shakti in Ganjam district of Odisha, India

Abstract

Women Self Help Groups (WSHGs) formed under Mission Shakti have emerged as powerful instruments for advancing women’s empowerment and sustainable rural development in Odisha. The present study was conducted to analyze the socioeconomic profile of WSHG members and non-members in the study area. Twelve independent variables—age, education, caste, family type, family size, landholding, occupation, annual income, mass media exposure, extension contact, social participation, and training received—were considered. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using suitable statistical methods. The results revealed that the majority (60.25%) of WSHG members were medium-aged, followed by 22.25% young and 17.50% old, while 67.50% of non-members were also medium-aged. Education played a vital role, as 42.75% of WSHG members had completed middle school, showing better literacy levels than non-members. A significant portion (66.25%) of members belonged to the OBC category, indicating the inclusive reach of Mission Shakti across socially diverse groups. Most members (70.75%) lived in nuclear families with small family sizes (69.25%), reflecting a shift toward compact family structures that favour better management and stability. Economically, 62.75% of the members were marginal farmers, and 22.50% were landless. Farming was the major occupation (56%), while 20.5% combined farming with animal husbandry. The majority (68.25%) reported medium annual income, highlighting improved financial conditions through group participation. Medium levels of extension contact (71.25%), social participation (78.25%), and mass media exposure (71.75%) further reflected the members’ active engagement in developmental initiatives. Remarkably, 86.75% of WSHG members had received training, compared to only 35% of non-members, underscoring the program’s effectiveness in enhancing women’s skills, confidence, and livelihoods. Overall, participation in WSHGs under Mission Shakti has significantly strengthened women’s economic independence, leadership, and decision-making capabilities, promoting inclusive and resilient rural development.