Introduction to medicinal plant Nigella sativa: Effects of non-essential heavy metals

Abstract

Nigella sativa (N. sativa), commonly known as black seed or kalonji, is a medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study investigates the impact of non-essential heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium) on the physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic processes of N. sativa. Results indicate that heavy metals adversely affect plant growth, biochemical markers, and enzymatic activities, with roots accumulating higher concentrations than shoots. The findings highlight the need for monitoring heavy metal contamination in medicinal plant cultivation to ensure safety and efficacy.