Documentation and validation of ethnoveterinary practices (EVP) and indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) in sustainable livestock management in Arunachal Pradesh state of NEH region

Abstract

Livestock farming is an integral part of rural economies, particularly in developing countries like India, where traditional practices have long been the backbone of animal healthcare. Despite the advancements in modern veterinary medicine, ethnoveterinary practices (EVP) rooted in indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) continue to play a crucial role in the health and well-being of livestock. These practices, passed down through generations, offer valuable insights into holistic, cost-effective, and sustainable animal healthcare solutions that are well-suited to local environmental and cultural contexts. India's rich tradition of animal care, encompassing systems like Ayurveda, Unani, and Homeopathy, is documented in ancient texts like the Nakul Samhita, which describes the use of medicinal plants for treating animal ailments. However, much of this knowledge remains scattered, under-documented, and confined to local communities, presenting a challenge for wider application. Ethnoveterinary practices, which include a diverse range of treatments such as herbal remedies, bone-setting, and traditional vaccinations, offer a valuable resource for improving livestock productivity and rural livelihoods, particularly in areas with limited access to formal veterinary services. This paper emphasizes the importance of documenting and validating these practices to bridge the gap between traditional wisdom and modern scientific approaches. By systematically collecting, preserving, and validating the knowledge of local livestock keepers, this work aims to empower rural communities, promote sustainable agriculture, and integrate traditional practices with modern veterinary methods. The validation of EVP and ITK is not only essential for ensuring the health of livestock but also for preserving biodiversity and fostering resilience in rural economies.