BMI and its correlation with cardiometabolic risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age. It is often linked with obesity, insulin resistance, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Body mass index (BMI) is a changeable factor that affects the clinical and chemical features of PCOS. Objective: To examine the relationship between BMI and cardiometabolic risk factors such as insulin resistance, androgen levels, and lipid profile in women with PCOS. Methods: This observational study took place in a tertiary care center. A total of 45 women meeting the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS were enrolled. Researchers measured body dimensions, fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, serum testosterone, DHEAS, SHBG, triglycerides, estradiol, and calculated HOMA-IR. They used Pearson correlation coefficients to find relationships between BMI and these factors. Results: BMI showed significant positive correlations with serum testosterone (r = 0.464, p=0.003), triglycerides (r = 0.467, p=0.003), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.188, p=0.252). Conversely, SHBG showed a negative trend (r = -0.283, p=0.081). There was a mild positive association between BMI and fasting blood sugar (r = 0.133) and insulin levels (r = 0.193). No significant correlation was found with estradiol or DHEAS levels. These results indicate that BMI plays a significant role in hyperandrogenism and high cholesterol in PCOS. Conclusion: In women with PCOS, a higher BMI is closely linked to biochemical hyperandrogenism and high cholesterol, pointing to increased cardiometabolic risk. Regular monitoring of BMI and early lifestyle changes are essential to reduce long-term metabolic and heart-related issues in this group.