Quantification of key genes influencing meat quality in Hassan and Kenguri sheep

Abstract

The present study aimed to quantify the expression of key genes associated with muscle growth and meat quality traits in Hassan and Kenguri sheep using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle samples were obtained from uncastrated rams (9-12 months) of each breed from the slaughterhouse in the respective breeding tract. The total RNA isolated from the muscle samples had mean integrity values of 8.57±0.18 and 6.93±0.13 for Hassan and Kenguri, respectively. The Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesised from isolated RNA using Thermo Scientific Verso cDNA Synthesis Kit. Gene-specific primers were designed for GFM1, AGPAT3, PDE4B, P2RY2 and CCNL1 genes, with β-actin as a housekeeping gene using Primer Blast software based on the reference sequences available at GenBank. Results indicated significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) expression of GFM1 and AGPAT3 in Hassan sheep while, PDE4B, P2RY2 and CCNL1 were downregulated compared to Kenguri sheep. The elevated expression of GFM1 and AGPAT3 suggests enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism and superior intramuscular fat deposition in Hassan sheep, contributing to better tenderness and flavour. Conversely, higher CCNL1 expression in Kenguri sheep relates to larger body size. These insights highlight the potential use of gene markers in selection and breeding strategies for improving meat production and quality in the indigenous sheep breeds of India.