A literature review on various antibiotics used in periodontal procedures

Abstract

Antibiotics have gain great importance in terms of treatment, as various treatment modalities in different procedures related to dental treatment. In the year of 1976 loeshe has propounded a specific hypothesis of plaque, and since that time there are so many efforts have been made to formulate a periodontal treatment regimen which is based on targeting specific microorganisms which are capable of doing periodontal infections. Periodontitis is found to be the most common disease which is related to the attachment apparatus of the periodontal fibres, and its etiological factors are most commonly found to be the microorganisms which are present in the dental plaque bio films, which constitute of various microorganisms. Along with this the pathogenesis of this disease is also depends upon or we can say influenced by the host response of the patient, that might results in cyclic destruction of the periodontal and surrounding structure as well as disturb the healing pattern of the individual. It has also been stated that, periodontitis can be treated by mechanical debridement by using surgical as well as non surgical procedures. Along with this patient cooperation in maintaining the oral hygiene is also very much important in the success of the surgical or the non surgical procedure. So many times this treatment does not give the desired results, which are expected due to poor patient compliance, which may be due to the altered immune response or with the other factors which are related to the host. This finally leads to the usage of or we can say administration of antibiotics as an adjunct to the other procedure. Antibiotics are very much useful in the elimination of periodontal pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotics can be administer locally as local drug deleivery system or it can be administer orally, but antibiotics which are administer locally through local drug deleivery system are found to be of very much effective in reducing the inflammation and pain by reducing the number of microorganisms, as this local drug deleivery system provide more amount of antibiotic as it is deleivered locally over the inflammation site. it has also been stated in the literature that, excessive use of antibiotics may results in as averse effects and can also lead to resistant to the specific antibiotic.