Organic and inorganic farming practices in east Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya

Abstract

Agriculture is the primary livelihood source for the people of Meghalaya, where different climatic conditions and rich soils support colourful husbandry systems. Traditionally, growers have rehearsed organic styles similar as mixed cropping, composting, crop gyration, and the use of beast ordure to maintain soil fertility and ecological balance. These practices have sustained original biodiversity and assured long- term soil health. Still, with adding population pressure and the demand for advanced yields, numerous growers have shifted toward inorganic husbandry styles involving chemical diseases, fungicides, and cold-blooded seeds. While inorganic husbandry has helped in perfecting short- term productivity, it has also led to soil nutrient loss, water pollution, and reduced soil microbial exertion. In discrepancy, organic husbandry preserves environmental quality, improves soil structure, and promotes sustainable husbandry, though it may yield lower originally. The concurrence of both systems in Meghalaya reflects an agrarian transition driven by modernization and request requirements. Government enterprise similar as organic instrument, planter training programs, and the creation of bio- fertilizers are encouraging a shift back toward sustainable practices. An intertwined approach that combines traditional organic knowledge with ultramodern scientific ways can balance productivity with environmental safety. This study examines the relative impact of organic and inorganic husbandry practices in Meghalaya on soil quality, crop productivity, and ecological sustainability. It emphasizes the need for region-specific, eco-friendly agrarian models that enhance food security while conserving the state’s rich natural terrain.