Clinical presentation and outcomes of canine multicentric lymphoma in dogs

Abstract

Multicentric lymphoma in four dogs commonly presents with generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Affected dogs exhibited nonspecific clinical signs such as lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory difficulty. Hematological abnormalities, including non-regenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia, were frequently observed and may support the diagnosis. Biochemical changes, such as elevated liver enzymes and hypercalcemia, could also be present in some cases. Diagnosis was primarily confirmed through fine-needle aspiration cytology of enlarged lymph nodes. Radiographic imaging may reveal lymph node enlargement and, occasionally, pleural effusion. The CHOP chemotherapy protocol, consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone, was administered over 24 weeks in affected dogs. Surviving dogs showed clinical improvement, including reduced lymph node size and better systemic condition. Early mortality in one dog highlighted the aggressive nature of high-grade lymphoma and potential treatment-related or disease-related complications. Overall, prompt diagnosis and structured CHOP therapy can improve clinical outcomes in canine multicentric lymphoma, although prognosis remains guarded.