The paradox of sustainability: Understanding why the farmers of Punjab resist change to organic farming

Abstract

Organic farming has emerged as an important constituent of sustainable agricultural development. In spite of increasing awareness and policy support, the adoption of organic farming methods among farmers in India remains limited. The present study investigates the socio-economic, institutional, and perceptual factors affecting the reluctance of farmers to adopt organic farming practices in Punjab State of India. A structured survey was undertaken in three districts, namely Fatehgarh Sahib, SAS Nagar, and Roopnagar, to assess the level of awareness, willingness to convert, and major perceived barriers to organic farming. Results indicated that while 81.7% of the respondents were aware of organic farming and its environmental advantages, only 11.7% were currently practicing organic farming. Economic non-viability, market uncertainty, and lack of assured buyers were reported as major deterrents by the majority. Education and assured marketing channels have been positively correlated with the willingness to adopt organic farming. The findings indicate that the gap between awareness and actual adoption can be bridged with appropriate interventions like assured market linkages, price incentives, and farmer training programs. The study thus emphasizes the need for integrated policy efforts to transform organic farming from a perceived risk into a viable livelihood opportunity.