Microbiological and physicochemical quality assessment of fresh orange juices

Abstract

Economic instability in Brazil has led to the growth of informal commerce, particularly street vending of orange juice. However, the lack of regulation and adequate sanitary conditions poses public health risks. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical quality of fresh orange juices sold by street vendors in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. This observational cross-sectional study, conducted between August and November 2023, involved the collection of 60 fresh, non-pasteurized orange juice samples, which were analyzed based on the guidelines outlined in RDC No. 331/2019 and NI No. 60/2019. The assessment revealed significant non-compliance with regulatory standards. Elevated levels of thermotolerant coliforms (46.67%), molds and yeasts (40%), and Salmonella spp. (21.67%) indicate inadequate hygiene and handling practices. Additionally, failures in density (56.66%), °Brix (45%), ascorbic acid content (51.66%), and suspended solids (55%) compromise the juices' sensory, nutritional, and safety standards. These deficiencies result from poor-quality raw materials, adulteration, and improper processing. Stricter oversight, the implementation of good manufacturing practices, and food handler education are necessary to ensure compliance with safety regulations and protect consumers.