Polyethylene fiber as reinforcement in structurally compromised teeth: A literature review

Abstract

The rehabilitation of teeth with severe structural loss represents a significant clinical challenge due to the increased risk of fracture, particularly in endodontically treated teeth. The use of polyethylene fibers as reinforcement within composite cores has emerged as a promising approach to improve biomechanical performance. This review analyzes literature addressing fiber positioning, fracture resistance, clinical applications, and limitations. Evidence remains heterogeneous, with some studies reporting improvements in fracture resistance or more favorable fracture modes, while others show no significant mechanical enhancement. Polyethylene fibers may enhance stress distribution and allow more repairable fractures, but their effectiveness depends on placement, cavity configuration, and remaining tooth structure. More long‑term clinical studies are needed to determine their true impact.