Exploring the role of special education in the adolescent stage of persons with intellectual disabilities: A case study analysis from Haryana, India

Abstract

This qualitative case study research investigates the role of special education in shaping the adolescent development of persons with intellectual disabilities (PwIDs) in Haryana, India. Adolescence is a critical phase in the life span of individuals, particularly for those with intellectual challenges, as they navigate self-help skills, emotional adjustments, social inclusion, and vocational aspirations. Drawing from eight in-depth case studies, this research highlights the ways in which individualized educational programs (IEPs), family support, and school-based interventions fostered the development of essential life skills among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The findings reveal that structured special education significantly enhances self-care, social communication, academic readiness, and pre-vocational engagement. Despite facing challenges such as emotional sensitivity, puberty-related confusion, and systemic neglect, the adolescents and their caregivers showed resilience through tailored educational and rehabilitative practices. The study underscores the necessity of integrating holistic special education with emotional and community support systems to facilitate smoother transitions to adulthood.