Comparative study of polyherbal formulations for the treatment of melasma: Efficacy, stability, and safety evaluation

Abstract

Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation disorder characterized by dark, irregular patches on sun-exposed skin, particularly the face. This study presents a comparative evaluation of three polyherbal formulations developed using plant extracts traditionally known for skin-lightening, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The formulations were assessed for their efficacy in reducing melanin content, improving skin tone, and inhibiting tyrosinase activity through in vitro and in vivo studies. Stability studies were conducted under different environmental conditions to evaluate shelf-life and physicochemical consistency. Safety evaluation, including skin irritation and sensitization tests, confirmed the non-toxic nature of the formulations. Results indicated that one formulation exhibited superior efficacy, stability, and safety, making it a promising alternative to conventional treatments. This study supports the potential of polyherbal therapies as effective, natural, and safe interventions for melasma management and highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern pharmaceutical validation.