Survey and screening the different mulberry accessions responsible for animal deterrent properties

Abstract

Human wildlife interaction is a significant challenge in forest-fringe regions, where overlapping requirements of food, space and shelter lead to frequent crop losses. This study surveyed and screened mulberry (Morus spp.) accessions for their potential animal deterrent properties in Erode District, Tamil Nadu. A total of 63 mulberry farmers across 24 villages in four major blocks Sathyamangalam, Bhavanisagar, Nambiyur and Thalavadi were interviewed using structured questionnaires. The survey assessed demographic profiles, landholding patterns, mulberry varieties under cultivation and incidences of wild animal intrusion. Results revealed that mulberry cultivation is predominantly male-driven (76%), with middle-aged farmers (35-50 years) contributing the highest share (49.2%). Small landholders (<2 acres) dominated the population (66.7%), reflecting the marginal scale of sericulture. Among varieties, V1 was most widely adopted (47.6%), followed by MR2 (36.5%), while G4 (15.9%) was confined to Sathyamangalam. Nearly half the farmers (47.6%) experienced wild animal intrusion, with Sathyamangalam accounting for 80% of the cases. Seasonal variation showed peak crop damage in summer (70%). Wild boars (Sus scrofa) were the most destructive (44.5%), followed by elephants, deer and monkeys. The findings emphasize the spatial and seasonal vulnerability of mulberry fields and highlight the potential of plant-based repellents, particularly alkaloid-rich mulberry accessions, as sustainable solutions to mitigate crop loss and protect rural livelihoods.