Evaluation of distinctness, uniformity, and stability of Turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa L.) genotypes for breeding and genetic resource conservation

Abstract

Turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa L.), a biennial root crop of the Brassicaceae family, is important for human nutrition and livestock feeding due to its nutrient-rich roots and foliage. Roots are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin C, while greens contain notable amounts of iron, vitamin A, and folate. Despite its significance, limited emphasis has been placed on varietal identification and protection, which are essential for maintaining genetic purity and promoting breeders’ rights. The present study evaluated twenty-five turnip genotypes for Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) as per the PPV&FR Act, 2001 during the Rabi season of 2024. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications maintaining at a spacing of 30 × 10 cm. Observations were recorded on key DUS characters including leaf margin, leaf colour, root shape, flesh colour, core colour, pungency, pithiness, and colour of the upper root portion. Among the genotypes, leaf margins were predominantly dentate (60%), flesh colour was mainly white (88%), and pungency was absent in most genotypes (64%). Root shape was largely uniform (48%), core colour was predominantly white (80%), and all genotypes lacked pithiness, reflecting their stability and uniformity across locations. The observed morphological variation indicates genetic diversity and potential adaptability, which can be harnessed for breeding climate-resilient and market-preferred turnip varieties. These results underscore the importance of DUS characterization for varietal distinctness, legal protection, and the conservation and utilization of genetic resources, providing a foundation for future turnip breeding programs.