Economic analysis of an integrated pig farming system under coastal agro-ecosystem of Goa

Abstract

Integrated farming system (IFS) enhances profitability and sustainability through enterprise diversification and resource recycling. This study evaluated the economics of an operational integrated pig farming system (IPFS) in Goa comprising piggery, poultry, aquaculture and horticulture. Enterprise-wise costs and returns were computed at prevailing farm-gate prices, while outputs were standardised using pig equivalent yield (PEY). The system achieved total gross returns of ?71.18 lakh against costs of ?28.89 lakh, yielding net returns of ?42.28 lakh and an overall B:C ratio of 2.46. Piggery contributed the largest share of PEY (27,500 kg; 58%) and net returns (?26.11 lakh), followed by aquaculture (16,253 kg PEY; net returns ?13.96 lakh). Horticulture and poultry, though modest in scale, improved recycling efficiency and cash flow. The system generated 720 man-days of employment, underscoring its livelihood potential. Results confirm the economic viability of livestock-anchored IPFS as a replicable model for coastal farming communities.