Morphometrical studies on the pelvic bones in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)

Abstract

The present study investigated the gross anatomical structures of the pelvic bones in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), focusing on the ilium, ischium, and pubis, all of which were fused with the synsacrum to form a rigid support structure. This fusion, consistent with adaptations for bipedal locomotion, was similar to that observed in several avian species including the chicken, bar-headed goose, and cattle egret. The ilium was the largest bone, divided into pre-and post-acetabular parts, both articulating firmly with the synsacrum. The pubic bones remained unfused ventrally, without forming pubic symphysis, an adaptation related to egg-laying and visceral protection. The ischium formed the ilio-ischiatic and obturator foramina in conjunction with the ilium and pubis, respectively. Morphometric data was recorded for the ilium, ischium, pubis, and associated foramina, revealing interspecies variations. The acetabulum was circular and supported by an anti-trochanter, facilitating hip joint stability during locomotion. Overall, the pelvic morphology of the guinea fowl reflects evolutionary specializations for terrestrial bipedalism and internal organ protection, contributing to the broader understanding of avian pelvic anatomy and offering valuable reference data for veterinary and comparative anatomical studies.