Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and their associated factors: Descriptive study

Abstract

GDM is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, such as fetal overgrowth, shoulder dystocia, operative delivery, birth injury, pre-eclampsia, haemorrhage and preterm delivery, but also a sevenfold higher risk of the mother developing T2 DM after pregnancy. In addition, the maternal metabolic milieu was also identified as a key determinant for the susceptibility to congenital anomaly, obesity, metabolic syndrome and T2DM in the offspring, a phenomenon often described as ‘fetal programming’. A standard performa was given to all patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Performa included demographics, obstetric history, past history, family history, auxology, 1sttrimester HBA1C values, 2nd trimester GTT results and USG, 3rd trimester GTT and USG results, baby details. HbA1c was done routinely with other 1st trimester routine investigations. Among the 420 antenatal women, 18.8% were diagnosed with GDM by 75 g GTT. In the study population, 59.5% subjects were diagnosed with GDM between 24-28 weeks, 40.5% between 32-36 weeks. Mean gestational age of diagnosis of GDM is 29 + 4.10 weeks. In the study population, 75.9% of subjects diagnosed with GDM were managed with MNT and 24.1% of GDM patients needed insulin.