Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in buffaloes: A field study from smallholder farms in Sultanpur district of Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Mastitis is one of the most economically significant diseases in dairy animals, especially in developing countries. Sub-clinical mastitis (SCM), often undetected due to the absence of visible symptoms, causes significant economic losses through reduced milk production, increased treatment costs, and culling of affected animals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and its association with Staphylococcus aureus infections in smallholder buffalo farms in Sultanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 180 non-descript lactating buffaloes were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and White Side Test (WST). Stratified random sampling was used to select three blocks, and two villages from each block, with thirty buffaloes sampled per village. The overall prevalence of SCM was 49.44%. The highest prevalence was recorded in Baldirai block (56.67%) and the lowest in Dostpur block (46.67%). Risk factors such as lactation stage, parity, udder conformation, and hygiene practices were found to influence the prevalence. Identification and isolation of S. aureus from milk samples confirm its major role in SCM. The study emphasizes the need for regular screening and better management practices to reduce mastitis incidence.