Synergistic role of dinacharya and yogic practices in regulating circadian health and preventing lifestyle disorders: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Disruption of the circadian rhythm is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to metabolic syndrome, sleep disturbances, and other lifestyle-related disorders. Ayurveda emphasizes Dinacharya a time-aligned daily regimen to synchronize body-mind activities with natural cycles, while Yoga enhances neuroendocrine stability through breath and movement. However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding their combined effect on circadian and metabolic regulation. Objective: To evaluate the synergistic effect of Dinacharya and Yogic practices on circadian rhythm stability, metabolic parameters, and overall well-being in adults with early metabolic risk. Methods: In this 12-week randomized controlled trial, 120 adults aged 25-50 years were allocated to three groups: Group A (Dinacharya regimen), Group B (Yoga intervention), and Group C (Dinacharya + Yoga). Primary outcomes included circadian rhythm stability (sleep-wake timing, melatonin rhythm) and metabolic markers (fasting glucose, triglycerides, BMI). Secondary outcomes assessed sleep quality and perceived stress. Statistical analyses were conducted using repeated-measures ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni tests. Results: Significant improvements were observed across all groups, with the combined Dinacharya + Yoga group showing the most pronounced effects. Sleep onset variability reduced from 34.1 ± 5.6 min to 15.8 ± 4.1 min, fasting glucose decreased from 103.4 ± 8.9 mg/dL to 91.3 ± 7.2 mg/dL, and 75% of participants achieved melatonin normalization (p < 0.01). Effect sizes indicated synergistic rather than additive benefits. Improvements in stress scores and sleep quality further supported the integrative approach’s efficacy. Conclusion: The integration of Dinacharya and Yogic practices effectively restores circadian balance, improves metabolic health, and enhances subjective well-being. This study provides scientific validation for traditional Ayurvedic-Yogic paradigms as cost-effective and culturally adaptable strategies for lifestyle disorder prevention. Incorporating time-aligned behavioral regimens and yogic modules into clinical and community health programs is able to strengthen preventive healthcare and promote holistic wellness.