A clinical and histopathological insight into focal reactive gingival overgrowths: A case series

Abstract

Focal reactive gingival overgrowths constitute a group of non-neoplastic proliferative lesions that arise from the gingiva in response to chronic irritation or local trauma. Despite their overlapping clinical presentation, these lesions demonstrate distinct histopathological features that are essential for accurate diagnosis and differentiation from neoplastic conditions. The present case series provides an overview of the clinical presentation and histopathological characteristics of focal reactive gingival overgrowths encountered in three patients. All lesions were associated with local irritants and poor oral hygiene. Each case was managed through surgical excision, followed by histopathological evaluation, which confirmed the reactive nature of the lesions. Postoperative healing was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. This series reinforces the importance of comprehensive diagnostic assessment integrating clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings. Although these lesions share a common etiopathogenesis, variations in their microscopic architecture reflect differences in tissue response to chronic irritation. Accurate diagnosis, meticulous removal of local irritants, complete surgical excision, and periodic follow-up are essential to ensure long-term stability and prevent recurrence.